- Military History, History of India, Portuguese History, History of the Portuguese Empire, Portuguese Discoveries and Expansion, Early Modern Portuguese History, and 10 moreIndo-Portuguese History, History of Gujarat, Early Modern Military Technology, Siege Warfare, History of Military Technology, Economic History, Historiography, Financial History (History), Early Modern Europe, and Gunpowder Artillery History and Developmentedit
- Master in Early Modern History (2012) with the thesis «O Segundo Cerco de Diu (1546). Estudo de História Política e M... moreMaster in Early Modern History (2012) with the thesis «O Segundo Cerco de Diu (1546). Estudo de História Política e Militar» (en. "The Second Siege of Diu(1546). Political and Military Study") in the University of Coimbra (Portugal). Supervisors: João Marinho dos Santos (UC) and Vitor Luís Gaspar Rodrigues (IICT).
PhD student in the same University, with a grant from the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, with the thesis «A Governação do "Estado da Índia" por D. João de Castro (1545-1548) na Estratégia Imperial de D. João III» (en. "The Governance of the Portuguese"Estado da Índia" by D. João de Castro (1545-1548) in the Imperial Strategy of king D. João III").
Research assistant at the Centre for History of Society and Culture (Centro de História da Sociedade e da Cultura - University of Coimbra) and at the Portuguese Centre for Global History (Centro de História d'Aquém e d'Além-Mar - New University of Lisbon and Azores University).
I am interested in the history of Portuguese presence in the Indian Ocean, from political to military history, especially in the implementation of European institutions and warfare in the Portuguese “Estado da Índia” (16th century).edit
This book assembles unpublished studies which intend to open new paths on Economic and Financial History in Portugal, between the 16th and 18th centuries. We have gathered young scholars from different, who attempt to open a window to the... more
This book assembles unpublished studies which intend to open new paths on Economic and Financial History in Portugal, between the 16th and 18th centuries. We have gathered young scholars from different, who attempt to open a window to the past through ten case-studies.
These studies range from the metropole to the overseas, from institutional financial managing to commercial network structuring, and to the economic importance of landlords, municipalities, lay brotherhoods (Misericórdias) and religious tribunals (Inquisition). Therefore, this book allows understanding the centrality of economic structures and the construction of the Portuguese kingdom during the Early Modern Age.
https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-1638-4
These studies range from the metropole to the overseas, from institutional financial managing to commercial network structuring, and to the economic importance of landlords, municipalities, lay brotherhoods (Misericórdias) and religious tribunals (Inquisition). Therefore, this book allows understanding the centrality of economic structures and the construction of the Portuguese kingdom during the Early Modern Age.
https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-1638-4
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O presente capítulo pretende analisar um caso concreto da história mone-tária do «Estado da Índia» no século XVI: a desvalorização do bazaruco de cobre, de Goa, durante o governo de Martim Afonso de Sousa (1542-1545) e o consequente... more
O presente capítulo pretende analisar um caso concreto da história mone-tária do «Estado da Índia» no século XVI: a desvalorização do bazaruco de cobre, de Goa, durante o governo de Martim Afonso de Sousa (1542-1545) e o consequente desfecho deste processo no início do governo de D. João de Castro (1545-1548). Tendo por base um auto ordenado por Castro, averi-guando toda a situação, solicitando pareceres à Câmara de Goa, aos procu-radores dos mesteres, a outras individualidades e inquirindo cerca de trinta testemunhas, bem como outra documentação relacionada com esta questão, pretendemos reconstituir o intenso debate e compreender os problemas causados por esta desvalorização monetária. Para tal será também necessá-rio compreender o funcionamento do sistema monetário do «Estado da Ín-dia» e os motivos que levaram Aleixo de Sousa, vedor da fazenda, e Martim Afonso de Sousa a iniciar esta reforma monetária.
Pelo largo impacto deste caso à época e especialmente pela massa do-cumental que subsiste, a desvalorização do bazaruco de cobre é um interes-sante caso de estudo para compreender a dinâmica financeira do «Estado da Índia» e o funcionamento do próprio sistema monetário português no Índico. Este capítulo pretende assim contribuir para o desenvolvimento da história monetária do Império Português, no período Moderno, assunto cen-tral para se compreender as estruturas do quotidiano e os complexos jogos das trocas.
The aim of this article is to analyse a concrete case of the monetary histo-ry of the Portuguese «Estado da Índia» (State of India): the devaluation of Goa’s copper bazaruco during Martim Afonso de Sousa’s government (1542-1545) and the outcome of this process at the beginning of D. João de Cas-tro’s government (1545-1548). This work relies on an inquiry started by Cas-tro, asking reports to the Municipality of Goa, to the procurators for the master-craftsmen (procuradores dos mesteres) and other personalities and also interviewing around thirty witnesses; and other documents related with this issue. We will try to understand the intense debate which arose around this subject and the problems caused by this devaluation. To fully recognise this, we must firstly understand the organization of the monetary system of the «Estado da Índia» and the reasons that led Aleixo de Sousa, comptroller of finance (vedor da fazenda), and Martim Afonso de Sousa to start this mone-tary reform.
As it had a large impact at the time, and left a considerable amount of records, this devaluation is an interesting case study to understand the finan-cial dynamics of the «Estado da Índia» and the Portuguese monetary organi-zation in Asia. Therefore, this article aims to contribute to the development of the monetary history of the Portuguese Empire, during the Early Modern Age, a central issue of the structures of everyday life and the complex wheels of commerce.
Pelo largo impacto deste caso à época e especialmente pela massa do-cumental que subsiste, a desvalorização do bazaruco de cobre é um interes-sante caso de estudo para compreender a dinâmica financeira do «Estado da Índia» e o funcionamento do próprio sistema monetário português no Índico. Este capítulo pretende assim contribuir para o desenvolvimento da história monetária do Império Português, no período Moderno, assunto cen-tral para se compreender as estruturas do quotidiano e os complexos jogos das trocas.
The aim of this article is to analyse a concrete case of the monetary histo-ry of the Portuguese «Estado da Índia» (State of India): the devaluation of Goa’s copper bazaruco during Martim Afonso de Sousa’s government (1542-1545) and the outcome of this process at the beginning of D. João de Cas-tro’s government (1545-1548). This work relies on an inquiry started by Cas-tro, asking reports to the Municipality of Goa, to the procurators for the master-craftsmen (procuradores dos mesteres) and other personalities and also interviewing around thirty witnesses; and other documents related with this issue. We will try to understand the intense debate which arose around this subject and the problems caused by this devaluation. To fully recognise this, we must firstly understand the organization of the monetary system of the «Estado da Índia» and the reasons that led Aleixo de Sousa, comptroller of finance (vedor da fazenda), and Martim Afonso de Sousa to start this mone-tary reform.
As it had a large impact at the time, and left a considerable amount of records, this devaluation is an interesting case study to understand the finan-cial dynamics of the «Estado da Índia» and the Portuguese monetary organi-zation in Asia. Therefore, this article aims to contribute to the development of the monetary history of the Portuguese Empire, during the Early Modern Age, a central issue of the structures of everyday life and the complex wheels of commerce.
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Copy of the early seventeenth century (1608) of a list of the artillery of the State of India strongholds during the viceroyalty of Afonso de Noronha (1550-1554). Cópia dos inícios do século XVII (1608) dum rol da artilharia das... more
Copy of the early seventeenth century (1608) of a list of the artillery of the State of India strongholds during the viceroyalty of Afonso de Noronha (1550-1554).
Cópia dos inícios do século XVII (1608) dum rol da artilharia das fortalezas do Estado da Índia durante o vice-reinado de D. Afonso de Noronha (1550-1554).
Cópia dos inícios do século XVII (1608) dum rol da artilharia das fortalezas do Estado da Índia durante o vice-reinado de D. Afonso de Noronha (1550-1554).
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This article aims to analyze the first Portuguese expedition to the Red Sea, led by the governor Afonso de Albuquerque in 1513. Five hundred years after this journey, we reassessed the policy of king D. Manuel I for the Red Sea, observing... more
This article aims to analyze the first Portuguese expedition to the Red Sea, led by the governor Afonso de Albuquerque in 1513. Five hundred years after this journey, we reassessed the policy of king D. Manuel I for the Red Sea, observing the attack on the city of Aden and the entry in that sea. Through correspondence from Albuquerque and subsequent chronicles, we try to understand the reasons for the defeat in the assault at that port city and the importance of this expedition in this governor’s action and in the imperial strategy of D. Manuel I.
Este artigo pretende analisar a primeira expedição portuguesa ao Mar Vermelho, capitaneada pelo governador Afonso de Albuquerque, em 1513. Quinhentos anos depois desta viagem, reavaliamos a política manuelina para o Mar Roxo, observando o ataque à cidade de Adém e a consecutiva entrada naquele mar. Através da correspondência de Albuquerque e da cronística da época, tentamos compreender os motivos da derrota no assalto àquela cidade portuária e a importância desta expedição na acção daquele governador e na estratégia imperial de D. Manuel I.
Este artigo pretende analisar a primeira expedição portuguesa ao Mar Vermelho, capitaneada pelo governador Afonso de Albuquerque, em 1513. Quinhentos anos depois desta viagem, reavaliamos a política manuelina para o Mar Roxo, observando o ataque à cidade de Adém e a consecutiva entrada naquele mar. Através da correspondência de Albuquerque e da cronística da época, tentamos compreender os motivos da derrota no assalto àquela cidade portuária e a importância desta expedição na acção daquele governador e na estratégia imperial de D. Manuel I.
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EN. The Portuguese fortress of Diu was besieged by the sultanate of Gujarat between April and November 1546, eight years after the first siege by this same forces helped with an Ottoman reinforcement. The enemy artillery swept... more
EN. The Portuguese fortress of Diu was besieged by the sultanate of Gujarat between April and November 1546, eight years after the first siege by this same forces helped with an Ottoman reinforcement. The enemy artillery swept successively the walls, leaving the fort in need of repair. The reconstruction of the fortress (as the new type of trace italienne) lasted from November 1546 to April of the following year, creating a structure that finally secured the Portuguese presence in the region. This article has two aims: firstly, the analysis of the costs of the works, such as payments of the supplies and the service conducted by masons, hackers, carpenters and other workers hired by the Crown, and secondly an assessment of the means used to finance these costs. The discussion is based not only on the various chronicles relating to that period, but especially in a list of expenses in the Codex 51-VII-19 of the Biblioteca da Ajuda, containing certificates, lists of payments and, not least, the Caderno das despesas que se fizeram em obras na fortaleza de Diu, dated July 1547 and here published. A final analysis shows that the expenses were not significant in the whole of the budget of the Portuguese State of India. The paper concludes that the expenditures were not significant on the whole of the financial structure of the Portuguese "State of India"."
PT. Entre Abril e Novembro de 1546, a fortaleza portuguesa de Diu sofreu um forte cerco às mãos do sultanato do Guzerate, oito anos após ter sido cercada pela primeira vez pelas mesmas forças apoiadas por um contingente otomano. A artilharia inimiga arrasou sucessivamente as muralhas, deixando o forte num estado tal que impedia o seu simples restauro. A reconstrução desta fortaleza (conforme o novo tipo de fortificação abaluartada) estendeu-se de Novembro de 1546 a Abril do ano seguinte, criando o bastião que finalmente firmaria a presença portuguesa na região. Este artigo pretende analisar, num primeiro momento, as despesas efectuadas com as obras, como sejam os pagamentos dos mantimentos e do serviço levado a cabo por pedreiros, cabouqueiros, carpinteiros e outros trabalhadores contratados pela Coroa para esse fim, e, numa segunda fase, os meios usados para financiar estes custos. Baseamos o nosso discurso não apenas nas diversas crónicas respeitantes a esse período, mas sobretudo nos registos das despesas efectuadas conservados no Códice 51-VII-19 da Biblioteca da Ajuda, contendo certidões, listas de pagamentos e, não menos importante, o caderno das despesas que se fizeram em obras na fortaleza de Diu, datado de Julho de 1547 e aqui publicado na íntegra. Este estudo pretende demonstrar que os custos tidos em conta não pesaram na estrutura financeira do Estado da Índia.
PT. Entre Abril e Novembro de 1546, a fortaleza portuguesa de Diu sofreu um forte cerco às mãos do sultanato do Guzerate, oito anos após ter sido cercada pela primeira vez pelas mesmas forças apoiadas por um contingente otomano. A artilharia inimiga arrasou sucessivamente as muralhas, deixando o forte num estado tal que impedia o seu simples restauro. A reconstrução desta fortaleza (conforme o novo tipo de fortificação abaluartada) estendeu-se de Novembro de 1546 a Abril do ano seguinte, criando o bastião que finalmente firmaria a presença portuguesa na região. Este artigo pretende analisar, num primeiro momento, as despesas efectuadas com as obras, como sejam os pagamentos dos mantimentos e do serviço levado a cabo por pedreiros, cabouqueiros, carpinteiros e outros trabalhadores contratados pela Coroa para esse fim, e, numa segunda fase, os meios usados para financiar estes custos. Baseamos o nosso discurso não apenas nas diversas crónicas respeitantes a esse período, mas sobretudo nos registos das despesas efectuadas conservados no Códice 51-VII-19 da Biblioteca da Ajuda, contendo certidões, listas de pagamentos e, não menos importante, o caderno das despesas que se fizeram em obras na fortaleza de Diu, datado de Julho de 1547 e aqui publicado na íntegra. Este estudo pretende demonstrar que os custos tidos em conta não pesaram na estrutura financeira do Estado da Índia.
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This work analyzes the second siege of the Portuguese fortress of Diu, laid by the forces of the Sultanate of Gujarat, commanded by Khwaja Safar, merchant and lord of Surat, between April and November of 1546. This siege, of undeniable... more
This work analyzes the second siege of the Portuguese fortress of Diu, laid by the forces of the Sultanate of Gujarat, commanded by Khwaja Safar, merchant and lord of Surat, between April and November of 1546. This siege, of undeniable importance to the Portuguese "State of India", has defined part of the government of D. João de Castro (1545-1548) and represented the last Gujarati attempt to retake the fortress of Diu, delivered to the Portuguese in 1535. The first goal is to understand the political context of this military operation, presenting the most important moments of the relations between Portugal and the Gujarat Sultanate since the arrival of Vasco da Gama in the Indian Ocean, in 1498, until 1546. In a second moment, we examine the Gujarati forces and the Portuguese defense. Our purpose is to observe the strategies, the recruitments, the organization of men-at-arms, the weapons, techniques and tactics used, as well as the motivations and some life experiences that have defined this siege. This study aims to understand this event in the European and Eastern types of warfare of the sixteenth century, and to contribute to the knowledge of the Portuguese warfare in Asia.
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""Criada em 1720 sob acção régia, a Academia Real da História Portuguesa procurou construir um novo modelo historiográfico. Sebastião da Rocha Pita, académico supranumerário desta instituição no Brasil, publica em 1730 a História da... more
""Criada em 1720 sob acção régia, a Academia Real da História Portuguesa procurou construir um novo modelo historiográfico. Sebastião da Rocha Pita, académico supranumerário desta instituição no Brasil, publica em 1730 a História da América Portugueza. Seguindo o ambiente académico da época e o percurso do autor, procuramos enquadrar esta História do Brasil (a primeira a ser publicada) observando, do ponto de vista historiográfico, algumas questões mais relevantes, como seja o descobrimento desse novo mundo, a União Dinástica e a Restauração, o carácter sagrado e a intervenção divina nesse território ultramarino.
Created in 1720 under royal patronage, the Royal Academy of Portuguese History aimed to build a new model for historiography. Sebastião da Rocha Pita, supernumerary academician of this institution in Brazil, published in 1730 the "História da América Portugueza" (History of Portuguese America). Following the academic environment of this époque and the path of his research, we try to frame this History of Brazil (the first to be published) from a historiographical point of view, regarding some more relevant issues such as the discovery of this new world, the Dynastic Union and the Restoration, the sacred nature and divine intervention in this overseas territory.""
Created in 1720 under royal patronage, the Royal Academy of Portuguese History aimed to build a new model for historiography. Sebastião da Rocha Pita, supernumerary academician of this institution in Brazil, published in 1730 the "História da América Portugueza" (History of Portuguese America). Following the academic environment of this époque and the path of his research, we try to frame this History of Brazil (the first to be published) from a historiographical point of view, regarding some more relevant issues such as the discovery of this new world, the Dynastic Union and the Restoration, the sacred nature and divine intervention in this overseas territory.""
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"Pretende-se, neste estudo, recolher os vestígios de “civilidade” (conforme a caracterizou Norbert Elias na sua obra O processo civilizacional) na Pérsia do século XVI. Partindo dos relatos das embaixadas portugueses às terras do Xeque... more
"Pretende-se, neste estudo, recolher os vestígios de “civilidade” (conforme a caracterizou Norbert Elias na sua obra O processo civilizacional) na Pérsia do século XVI. Partindo dos relatos das embaixadas portugueses às terras do Xeque Ismael, observaram-se vários costumes e ritos, diferentes e novos aos olhos dos portugueses. A Expansão Portuguesa possibilitou o contacto com novas sociedades e novas culturas, abrindo novos horizontes para o processo civilizacional europeu. Este estudo pretende ser, em última análise, uma reflexão, através das fontes, acerca da visão portuguesa do Oriente.
This study envisages to collect the signs of “civility” (as Norbert Elias called it) in 16th century Persia. Based on the reports of the Portuguese missions to the land of Sheik Ismael, several customs and rituals – different and new in the Portuguese eyes – were observed. The Portuguese Expansion fostered the contact with new societies and cultures, hereby opening up the European civilisational process to new horizons. This study aims ultimately at providing – through its sources - a reflection of Portuguese views on the East"
This study envisages to collect the signs of “civility” (as Norbert Elias called it) in 16th century Persia. Based on the reports of the Portuguese missions to the land of Sheik Ismael, several customs and rituals – different and new in the Portuguese eyes – were observed. The Portuguese Expansion fostered the contact with new societies and cultures, hereby opening up the European civilisational process to new horizons. This study aims ultimately at providing – through its sources - a reflection of Portuguese views on the East"
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How can the emergence of Early Modern States be explained? Many classic studies have generally emphasized the confluence of several facts in this process for the Iberian cases (Castile and Portugal). According to them, what we call today... more
How can the emergence of Early Modern States be explained? Many classic studies have generally emphasized the confluence of several facts in this process for the Iberian cases (Castile and Portugal). According to them, what we call today Early Modern State was shaped thanks to the enlargement of the institutions, the appearance of a corporate identity, the military revolution and the subsequent taxation system. The same has been asserted for explaining this process in the Spanish American colonies, where cities, local institutions, and their capacity to struggle -specially over its defense systems and means of taxation- acquired a very key role in this processes. However, is this also accurate to explain what happened in the Portuguese Empire, and more specifically, in Brazil?
At the beginning of the Seventeenth century, the Dutch attempted several times to take the capital of the colony, Bahia, with no success. In spite of these failures, it showed the Hispanic Monarchy the necessity of fortifying and defending the city against its enemies. Right after the 1605's attack, the Crown levied a new tax on the wine to afford the construction of fortresses together with a new set of defense projects in the surroundings of Bahia. Complaints against the imposition arose quickly, as well as the grievances towards the appropriation of the public space by the royal authority. By taking this case as a lens, this paper will revisit some issues regarding Early Modern State building and its connections with the military revolution. First, it will present the political specificities of Brazil at this moment. Second, it will analyze the spatial control from the strategic point of view, identifying the different fortresses built in this period as tools of empowerment. Finally, it will try to identify the effects that the military revolution had on the state formation in Brazil, mainly connected with warfare, statecraft and its relation with the rise of taxation and fiscal systems.
Talk presented in International Congress 'The Military Revolution in Portugal and its Empire (15th-18th centuries)', organized by CIDEHUS - University of Évora (29th-30th May 2018)
At the beginning of the Seventeenth century, the Dutch attempted several times to take the capital of the colony, Bahia, with no success. In spite of these failures, it showed the Hispanic Monarchy the necessity of fortifying and defending the city against its enemies. Right after the 1605's attack, the Crown levied a new tax on the wine to afford the construction of fortresses together with a new set of defense projects in the surroundings of Bahia. Complaints against the imposition arose quickly, as well as the grievances towards the appropriation of the public space by the royal authority. By taking this case as a lens, this paper will revisit some issues regarding Early Modern State building and its connections with the military revolution. First, it will present the political specificities of Brazil at this moment. Second, it will analyze the spatial control from the strategic point of view, identifying the different fortresses built in this period as tools of empowerment. Finally, it will try to identify the effects that the military revolution had on the state formation in Brazil, mainly connected with warfare, statecraft and its relation with the rise of taxation and fiscal systems.
Talk presented in International Congress 'The Military Revolution in Portugal and its Empire (15th-18th centuries)', organized by CIDEHUS - University of Évora (29th-30th May 2018)
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The aim of this paper is to show how a court was modelled in Goa, the capital of the Portuguese Empire in Asia, in the first half of the 16th century. I will especially demonstrate the role of D. João de Castro, governor and viceroy... more
The aim of this paper is to show how a court was modelled in Goa, the capital of the Portuguese Empire in Asia, in the first half of the 16th century. I will especially demonstrate the role of D. João de Castro, governor and viceroy during 1545-1548. The objective is to understand how the central power in Goa managed to replicate a court around the highest official of the king, adjusting it to a space that needed its own autonomy more than five thousand miles away from the true central power, in Lisbon.
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Was there a 'Military Revolution' in Portugal and its Empire in the early modern period? If so, what were its political, social and cultural effects? How important was military architecture in defending Lisbon's overseas domains? Did the... more
Was there a 'Military Revolution' in Portugal and its Empire in the early modern period? If so, what were its political, social and cultural effects? How important was military architecture in defending Lisbon's overseas domains? Did the Portuguese exercise a decisive advantage in manufacturing and deploying firearms? These questions - and many others - will be addressed in this international conference. (I should stress that I am not organising this conference: I am just a member of the Academic Committee.)